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Constitutional Rights
April 20, 2026

The Major Questions Doctrine and the CFTC's $209 Million Overreach

SI
Sam Ikkurty

The Major Questions Doctrine

In West Virginia v. EPA, 597 U.S. 697 (2022), the Supreme Court articulated the major questions doctrine: when an agency claims the authority to make decisions of vast economic and political significance, it must point to clear congressional authorization for that authority. Ambiguous statutory language is not enough.

The CFTC brought its enforcement action against me as a commodity fraud case — asserting that the digital assets traded by Rose City Income Fund were commodities under the Commodity Exchange Act. There is a problem with that theory: Congress has never clearly authorized the CFTC to regulate digital assets as commodities in the manner the agency claims.

Regulation by Enforcement Is the Problem

CFTC Chairman Brian Quintenz has publicly stated that regulation by enforcement is over. My case is a textbook example of regulation by enforcement. The CFTC used my case to assert jurisdictional claims over digital assets that Congress had not clearly granted — without going through the rulemaking process that the Administrative Procedure Act requires.

FactorAnalysis
Economic significance$209M judgment; four-year asset freeze; receiver fees exceeding alleged harm
Political significanceCFTC jurisdiction over digital assets is a contested policy question before Congress
Congressional authorizationNo statute clearly grants CFTC anti-fraud authority over digital asset spot markets
Agency approachRegulation by enforcement — the approach CFTC Chairman Quintenz has now disavowed

The Seventh Circuit's Opportunity

If the CFTC lacked jurisdiction, the consequences are significant:

  • The $209 million judgment must be vacated — a judgment entered without jurisdiction is void
  • The four-year asset freeze was unlawful
  • The receiver's fees were charged against assets that should not have been frozen
  • The armed raid on my home raises Fourth Amendment questions

The major questions doctrine is the Supreme Court's answer to this problem: when Congress has not spoken clearly, agencies cannot act as if it has. The Seventh Circuit should apply that principle to my case.

Full case record: https://cftcsucks.com/264

Case No. 1:22-cv-02465 (N.D. Ill.) | Appeal No. 24-2684 | West Virginia v. EPA, 597 U.S. 697 (2022) | Liu v. SEC, 591 U.S. 71 (2020)

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